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Design and analysis of a proportional-integral controller based on a Smith predictor for TCP/AQM network Research Articles

Ouassim MENACER, Abderraouf MESSAI, Lazhar KASSA-BAGHDOUCHE,kassabaghdouche_lazhar@yahoo.com,kassabaghdouche.lazhar@univ-guelma.dz

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 2,   Pages 291-303 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000245

Abstract: (AQM) is essential to prevent the degradation of quality of service in TCP/AQM systems with round-trip time (RTT) delay. RTT delays are primarily caused by packet-propagation delays, but they can also be caused by the processing time of queuing operations and dynamically changing network situations. This study focuses on the design and analysis of an AQM digital controller under time-delay uncertainty. The controller is based on the algorithm and is called the SMITHPI controller. This study also demonstrates the stability of the controller and its robustness against network parameter variations such as the number of TCP connections, time delays, and user datagram protocol flows. The performance, robustness, and effectiveness of the proposed SMITHPI controller are evaluated using the NS-2 simulator. Finally, the performance of the SMITHPI controller is compared with that of a well-known queue-based AQM, called the proportional-integral controller.

Keywords： Active queue management     Transport control protocol     Round-trip time delay     Smith predictor    

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Recent developments in passive interconnected vehicle suspension

SMITH, Nong ZHANG,

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2010, Volume 5, Issue 1,   Pages 1-18 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0092-z

Abstract: This paper presents an overall review on the historical concept development and research advancement of passive hydraulically interconnected suspension (HIS) systems. It starts with an introduction to passive HIS systems and their various incarnations developed over many decades. Next, a description is provided of a recently proposed multidisciplinary approach for the frequency-domain analysis of vehicles fitted with an HIS. The experimental validation and applications of the method to both free and forced vibration analysis are discussed based on a simplified, roll-plane half-car model. A finite-element-method-based approddach for modelling the transient dynamics of an HIS vehicle is also briefly outlined. In addition, recent work on the investigation of NVH associated with HIS-equipped vehicles is mentioned. Discussion is then provided on future work to the further understanding of HIS and its applications. The paper concludes that interconnected suspension schemes can provide much greater flexibility to independently specify modal stiffness and damping parameters – a characteristic unique among passive suspensions. It points out that there is a need for system optimisation, and there are troublesome NVH issues that require solutions. It suggests that further research attention and effort be paid to NVH issues and system level optimisation to gain a greater understanding of HIS and to broaden its applications.

Keywords： interconnected suspensions     rollover prevention     vehicle dynamics     ride comfort     multibody system dynamics     hydraulic system dynamics    

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Using a systems modeling approach to improve soil management and soil quality

SMITH, Ben C. T. MACDONALD

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 7, Issue 3,   Pages 289-295 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020337

Abstract:

Soils provide the structural support, water and nutrients for plants in nature and are considered to be the foundation of agriculture production. Improving soil quality and soil health has been advocated as the goal of soil management toward sustainable agricultural intensification. There have been renewed efforts to define and quantify soil quality and soil health but establishing a consensus on the key indicators remains difficult. It is argued that such difficulties are due to the former ways of thinking in soil management which largely focus on soil properties alone. A systems approach that treats soils as a key component of agricultural production systems is promoted. It is argued that soil quality must be quantified in terms of crop productivity and impacts on ecosystems services that are also strongly driven by climate and management interventions. A systems modeling approach captures the interactions among climate, soil, crops and management, and their impacts on system performance, thus helping to quantify the value and quality of soils. Here, three examples are presented to demonstrate this. In this systems context, soil management must be an integral part of systems management practices that also include managing the crops and cropping systems under specific climatic conditions, with cognizance of future climate change.

Keywords： APSIM     available water capacity     nitrogen management     soil functional properties     soil health     soil-plant modeling    

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Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in China: evaluation of risk models and new predictor

Yanhong Shou, Lu Yang, Yongsheng Yang, Xiaohua Zhu, Feng Li, Bo Yin, Yingyan Zheng, Jinhua Xu

Frontiers of Medicine 2021, Volume 15, Issue 4,   Pages 585-593 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0817-2

Abstract: Stevens--Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare but severe diseases. This study aimed to validate the predictive ability of risk models in patients with SJS/TEN and propose possible refinement in China. Patients in the Department of Dermatology of Huashan Hospital from January 2008 to January 2019 were included. Results showed that the severity-of-illness score for TEN (SCORTEN) had a good discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), 0.78), and it was superior to auxiliary score (AS) and ABCD-10, which indicates age, bicarbonate level, cancer, dialysis, and 10% involved body surface area (AUC, 0.69 and 0.68, respectively). The calibration of SCORTEN (Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, = 0.69) was also better than that of AS ( = 0.25) and ABCD-10 ( = 0.55). SCORTEN and ABCD-10 were similar (Brier score (BS), 0.04 and 0.04) in terms of accuracy of predictions. In addition, the imaging appearance of pulmonary consolidation on computed tomography was associated with high mortality. Refined models were formed using the variables and this imaging appearance. The refined AS and ABCD-10 models were similar in discrimination compared with the original SCORTEN (0.74 vs. 0.78, = 0.23; 0.74 vs. 0.78, = 0.30, respectively). Therefore, SCORTEN showed good discrimination performance, calibration, and accuracy, and refined AS or ABCD-10 model may be an option when SCORTEN variables are not available.

Keywords： Stevens–Johnson syndrome     toxic epidermal necrolysis     auxiliary score     ABCD-10     pulmonary consolidation    

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Simulation of soil carbon changes due to land use change in urban areas in China

Cui HAO, Jo SMITH, Jiahua ZHANG, Weiqing MENG, Hongyuan LI

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 2,   Pages 255-266 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0485-4

Abstract: Land use change can have a strong impact on soil carbon dynamics and carbon stocks in urban areas. Due to rapid urbanization, large areas of land have been paved, and other areas have undergone rapid land use change. Evaluation of the impact of urbanization on carbon dynamics and carbon stock (30 cm) has become an issue of urgent concern. The soil carbon dynamics, due to rapid land use change in Tianjin Binhai New Area of China, have been simulated in this paper using the RothC model. Because this area is saline, a modified version of RothC that includes a salt rate modifier provided more accurate simulations than the original model. The conversion to urban green land was not accurately simulated by either of the models because of the undefined changes in soil and plant conditions. According to the model, changes of arable to grassland resulted in a decline in soil carbon stocks, and changes of grassland to forest and grassland to arable resulted in increased soil carbon stocks in this area. Across the whole area simulated, the total carbon stocks in 2010 had decreased due to land use change by 6.5% from the 1979 value. By 2050, a further decrease of 21.9% is expected according to the 2050 plan for land use and the continuing losses from the soils due to previous land use changes.

Keywords： land use change     soil carbon     RothC     urban area    

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Review of solvent based carbon-dioxide capture technologies

SMITH,Geoffrey W. STEVENS

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 2,   Pages 125-141 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1514-6

Abstract: Currently, a large proportion of global fossil fuel emissions originate from large point sources such as power generation or industrial processes. This trend is expected to continue until the year 2030 and beyond. Carbon capture and storage (CCS), a straightforward and effective carbon reduction approach, will play a significant role in reducing emissions from these sources into the future if atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO ) emissions are to be stabilized and global warming limited below a threshold of 2 °C. This review provides an update on the status of large scale integrated CCS technologies using solvent absorption for CO capture and provides an insight into the development of new solvents, including advanced amine solvents, amino acid salts, carbonate systems, aqueous ammonia, immiscible liquids and ionic liquids. These proposed new solvents aim to reduce the overall cost CO capture by improving the CO absorption rate, CO capture capacity, thereby reducing equipment size and decreasing the energy required for solvent regeneration.

Keywords： large scale     carbon dioxide     carbon capture     solvent absorption    

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Nexus between polymer support and metal oxide nanoparticles in hybrid nanosorbent materials (HNMs) for sorption/desorption of target ligands

SMITH,Jinze LI,Surapol PADUNGTHON,Arup K. SENGUPTA

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 5,   Pages 929-938 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0795-9

Abstract: Metal oxide nanoparticles like hydrated ferric oxide (HFO) or hydrated zirconium oxide (HZrO) are excellent sorbents for environmentally significant ligands like phosphate, arsenic, or fluoride, present at trace concentrations. Since the sorption capacity is surface dependent for HFO and HZrO, nanoscale sizes offer significant enhancement in performance. However, due to their miniscule sizes, low attrition resistance, and poor durability they are unable to be used in typical plug-flow column setups. Meanwhile ion exchange resins, which have no specific affinity toward anionic ligands, are durable and chemically stable. By impregnating metal oxide nanoparticles inside a polymer support, with or without functional groups, a hybrid nanosorbent material (HNM) can be prepared. A HNM is durable, mechanically strong, and chemically stable. The functional groups of the polymeric support will affect the overall removal efficiency of the ligands exerted by the Donnan Membrane Effect. For example, the removal of arsenic by HFO or the removal of fluoride by HZrO is enhanced by using anion exchange resins. The HNM can be precisely tuned to remove one type of contaminant over another type. Also, the physical morphology of the support material, spherical bead versus ion exchange fiber, has a significant effect on kinetics of sorption and desorption. HNMs also possess dual sorption sites and are capable of removing multiple contaminants, namely, arsenate and perchlorate, concurrently.

Keywords： ion exchange     sorption     arsenic     perchlorate     fluoride    

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Yield-height correlation and QTL localization for plant height in two lowland switchgrass populations

SMITH, Linglong LIU, Hongxu DONG, Dan CHANG

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2018, Volume 5, Issue 1,   Pages 118-128 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018201

Abstract: Switchgrass ( L.), as a model herbaceous crop species for bioenergy production, is targeted to improve biomass yield and feedstock quality. Plant height is a major component contributing to biomass yield. Accordingly, the objectives of this research were to analyze phenotypic variation for biomass and plant height and the association between them and to localize associated plant height QTLs. Two lowland switchgrass mapping populations, one selfed and another hybrid population established in the field at Perkins and Stillwater, Oklahoma, were deployed in the experiment for two years post establishment. Large genetic variation existed for plant biomass and height within the two populations. Plant height was positively correlated with biomass yield in the selfed population ( = 0.39, <0.0001) and the hybrid population ( = 0.41, <0.0001). In the selfed population, a joint analysis across all environments revealed 10 QTLs and separate analysis for each environment, collectively revealed 39 QTLs related to plant height. In the hybrid population, the joint analysis across overall environments revealed 35 QTLs and the separate analysis for each environment revealed 38 QTLs. The findings of this research contribute new information about the genetic control for plant height and will be useful for future plant breeding and genetic improvement programs in lowland switchgrass.

Keywords： yield-height     QTL localization     lowland switchgrass    

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An Investigation of Creep Resistance in Grade 91 Steel through Computational Thermodynamics Article

Andrew Smith, Mohammad Asadikiya, Mei Yang, Jiuhua Chen, Yu Zhong

Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 6,   Pages 644-652 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.12.004

Abstract:

This study was conducted to understand the relationship between various critical temperatures and the stability of the secondary phases inside the heat-affected-zone (HAZ) of welded Grade 91 (Gr.91) steel parts. Type IV cracking has been observed in the HAZ, and it is widely accepted that the stabilities of the secondary phases in Gr.91 steel are critical to the creep resistance, which is related to the crack failure of this steel. In this work, the stabilities of the secondary phases, including those of the M23C6, MX, and Z phases, were simulated by computational thermodynamics. Equilibrium cooling and Scheil simulations were carried out in order to understand the phase stability in welded Gr.91 steel. The effect of four critical temperatures—that is, Ac1 (the threshold temperature at which austenite begins to form), Ac3 (the threshold temperature at which ferrite is fully transformed into austenite), and the M23C6 and Z phase threshold temperatures—on the thickness of the HAZ and phase stability in the HAZ is discussed. Overall, the simulations presented in this paper explain the mechanisms that can affect the creep resistance of Gr.91 steel, and can offer a possible solution to the problem of how to increase creep resistance at elevated temperatures by optimizing the steel composition, welding, and heat treatment process parameters. The simulation results from this work provide guidance for future alloy development to improve creep resistance in order to prevent type IV cracking.

Keywords： Grade 91 steel     Creep resistance     Ferritic-martensitic steels     Welding microstructure     Computational thermodynamics     Secondary phase     Alloy composition    

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Embankment dam foundation analysis for the decrease of internal erosion likelihood

Marc SMITH

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 4,   Pages 431-436 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0183-5

Abstract: A zoned embankment dam is founded on clay underlain by a sand deposit. Major seepage phenomena were noticed in the foundation downstream from the dam where the vertical seepage forces in the sand layer were expected to exceed the downward forces due to the overlying clay. Modern technologies were applied to delineate critical zones to help design optimal rehabilitation measures. A global electromagnetic survey was carried out to detect and map the main sources, pathways and exits of seepage. Based on these global findings, a more detailed analysis was then conducted to identify zones where thickness of the foundation clay is minimal, pore pressures in sand are higher and thus where the factor of safety against uplift is lower and internal erosion is more likely to occur. Clay thickness evaluation required the determination of land surface as well as clay-sand contact elevations. A laser airborne survey was performed to model the land surface elevation. Data concerning the clay-sand contact elevation came from the interpreted stratigraphy based on a series of boreholes and cone penetration tests. This data was combined in a geostatistical model along with the measured piezometric levels in the foundation. This resulted in a contour map showing factors of safety against uplift over the entire downstream area. The use of modern technologies, namely electromagnetic and laser surveys as well as geostatistical tools, was instrumental in defining the limits of an otherwise spread-out problem and to provide an optimal solution, in terms of costs and effectiveness, for the long-term stabilization of the foundation.

Keywords： seepage detection     geostatistical analysis     dam monitoring     internal erosion     LIDAR survey    

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Policy options for Agriculture Green Development by farmers in China

SMITH

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 7, Issue 1,   Pages 90-97 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019290

Abstract:

Farmers are the key agents who manage land and water. Agriculture Green Development (AGD) requires a transformation in farming from high resource consumption and environmental cost to sustainable intensification with high productivity, high resource use efficiency and low environmental risk. This paper analyzes the public policy challenge of AGD and makes the case for a location-sensitive policy mix made up of regulation, advice provision, voluntarism and targeted incentives. The public agricultural extension service in China is a key resource, but one that requires reorientation and reform with the aim of better balancing high farm productivity with environmental protection.

Keywords： agriculture     environment     development     incentives     policy     regulation    

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Food Safety and Health—Past Problems and Future Solutions

Smith

Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 4,   Pages 384-388 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.03.001

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Predictor-corrector algorithm for solving quasi-separated-flow and transient distributed-parameter model

Ping ZHANG, Guoliang DING

Frontiers in Energy 2010, Volume 4, Issue 4,   Pages 535-541 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0113-y

Abstract: Therefore, a predictor-corrector algorithm (PCA) is proposed to improve the convergence of the SS methodA predictor is developed to determine an appropriate iterative initial pressure.

Keywords： algorithm     convergence     heat exchanger     modeling     transient    

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Fused structures for safer and more economical constructions

Yu-Fei WU, Ying-Wu ZHOU, Biao HU, Xiaoxu HUANG, Scott SMITH

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 1,   Pages 1-9 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0541-7

Abstract: Safety margin and construction costs are two conflicting goals for a structure. By providing a fuse in a structure that is triggered at a certain level of over-loading, further increase of loading is prohibited and failure of the structure is changed to a safer mode. As overloading is controlled and a safer failure mode is enforced, a fused structure requires a smaller safety factor thus leading to more economical construction without compromising safety. The use of a fuse will also facilitate safer use of advanced construction materials such as fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. In this case, a fuse can transfer the sudden and dangerous failure mode associated with brittle FRP debonding or rupture to a safe and ductile failure mode at the fuse location. This paper introduces a new type of fused structure as well as an associated design philosophy and approach, in addition to examples of engineering applications.

Keywords： fused structures     structural fuse     fiber-reinforced polymer     concrete    

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Analysis of stability and nonlinear response of rotor system with elliptical sliding bearing supports

LU Yanjun, LIU Heng, YU Lie, LI Qi, JIANG Ming, ZHANG Zhiyu

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2007, Volume 2, Issue 1,   Pages 37-45 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0006-x

Abstract: A method, which is a combination of predictor corrector mechanism and Newton Raphson method, is presented

Keywords： computational     corrector mechanism     predictor corrector     multisolution     quasiperiodic    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Design and analysis of a proportional-integral controller based on a Smith predictor for TCP/AQM network

Ouassim MENACER, Abderraouf MESSAI, Lazhar KASSA-BAGHDOUCHE,kassabaghdouche_lazhar@yahoo.com,kassabaghdouche.lazhar@univ-guelma.dz

Journal Article

Recent developments in passive interconnected vehicle suspension

SMITH, Nong ZHANG,

Journal Article

Using a systems modeling approach to improve soil management and soil quality

SMITH, Ben C. T. MACDONALD

Journal Article

Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in China: evaluation of risk models and new predictor

Yanhong Shou, Lu Yang, Yongsheng Yang, Xiaohua Zhu, Feng Li, Bo Yin, Yingyan Zheng, Jinhua Xu

Journal Article

Simulation of soil carbon changes due to land use change in urban areas in China

Cui HAO, Jo SMITH, Jiahua ZHANG, Weiqing MENG, Hongyuan LI

Journal Article

Review of solvent based carbon-dioxide capture technologies

SMITH,Geoffrey W. STEVENS

Journal Article

Nexus between polymer support and metal oxide nanoparticles in hybrid nanosorbent materials (HNMs) for sorption/desorption of target ligands

SMITH,Jinze LI,Surapol PADUNGTHON,Arup K. SENGUPTA

Journal Article

Yield-height correlation and QTL localization for plant height in two lowland switchgrass populations

SMITH, Linglong LIU, Hongxu DONG, Dan CHANG

Journal Article

An Investigation of Creep Resistance in Grade 91 Steel through Computational Thermodynamics

Andrew Smith, Mohammad Asadikiya, Mei Yang, Jiuhua Chen, Yu Zhong

Journal Article

Embankment dam foundation analysis for the decrease of internal erosion likelihood

Marc SMITH

Journal Article

Policy options for Agriculture Green Development by farmers in China

SMITH

Journal Article

Food Safety and Health—Past Problems and Future Solutions

Smith

Journal Article

Predictor-corrector algorithm for solving quasi-separated-flow and transient distributed-parameter model

Ping ZHANG, Guoliang DING

Journal Article

Fused structures for safer and more economical constructions

Yu-Fei WU, Ying-Wu ZHOU, Biao HU, Xiaoxu HUANG, Scott SMITH

Journal Article

Analysis of stability and nonlinear response of rotor system with elliptical sliding bearing supports

LU Yanjun, LIU Heng, YU Lie, LI Qi, JIANG Ming, ZHANG Zhiyu

Journal Article